02 / Projects
Projects
Startups, journals, research centres, associations and experimental projects, with roles and periods of activity.
2022 — present
Akiflow
Since 2022, I have served as General Counsel and a board member of Akiflow, where I also work on software development.
Akiflow is a US company offering a product for planning tasks and managing calendars. In 2020, it was selected for Y Combinator’s accelerator programme.
My programming work covers both proprietary and open-source code. Among the latter, the following deserve particular mention:
Open source
2020 — present
CERIDAP · Journal
I am Deputy Director and Head of Technology of CERIDAP, an academic journal on public administration law; from its foundation until December 2025, I headed its editorial committee.
Founded in 2020, CERIDAP has become one of the leading journals in administrative law: ranked Class A by ANVUR, indexed in Scopus and DOAJ, diamond open access (free to publish and free to read) under a CC BY 4.0 licence, with a DOI for every contribution. Its scientific board brings together scholars from Oxford, Sciences Po, the Sorbonne, Heidelberg and Sydney, as well as judges of constitutional and European courts; it publishes authors from across Europe and beyond, special issues in English, and is read in almost every country in the world.
Beyond my scientific and editorial role in the journal, I also run the publishing platform and the digital tools it uses to manage, publish and disseminate contributions, from automatic DOI registration to open access.
Among the solutions developed for CERIDAP’s publishing infrastructure, two deserve particular mention:
Open source
- DOI CreatorA plugin that automatically registers DOIs for the journal’s articles via DataCite.
- Dropbox EmbedderAn integration used during the COVID-19 pandemic to make acts and measures adopted by national and local authorities available on the journal’s website; Dropbox selected it as an official example for the Embedder’s public launch (2020).
2019 — present
CERIDAP · Research centre
Since its foundation, I have been a member of the steering committee of the Interdisciplinary Research Centre on Public Administration Law at the University of Milan.
The Centre launched the CERIDAP journal and has supported public institutions in their digital transition, drafting the University of Milan’s new rules for fully online recruitment procedures and digitalising amendments for Milan City Council. It works with the City of Milan, the Adriano Olivetti Foundation, PagoPA and the University of Buenos Aires’ AI lab, and has promoted conferences, the Book Forum series, events with Stanford’s CodeX and a PhD scholarship co-funded by PagoPA.
2019 — present
AI & Institutions
As a Researcher (Tenure-Track) in the project «Law, Justice and Sustainable Development» of the Department of Italian and Supranational Public Law at the University of Milan, on the research strand devoted to the relationship between technological development, innovation and the functioning of institutions, I began a study of artificial intelligence that examines both the rules meant to govern it and the way models are designed, trained and can fail. I started with deep learning, building predictive models on financial time series, a test bed with plenty of data and results that are easy to check. I then moved on to transformers, embeddings and large language models (LLMs).
Understanding how a model reaches a result changes how one discusses transparency, accountability and oversight of public decision-making. This journey has shaped my professional and scientific growth, with outcomes both in research and in practice. These include:
Publications
- G. Carullo, Artificial intelligence in smart cities for a dynamic and adaptive governance model, in J.-B. Auby (ed.), Le futur du droit administratif / the future of administrative law, LexisNexis, Paris, 2019
- G. Carullo, Decisione amministrativa e intelligenza artificiale [Administrative decision and artificial intelligence], in Diritto dell'informazione e dell'informatica, 3, 2021
- G. Carullo, Large Language Models for Transparent and Intelligible AI-Assisted Public Decision-Making, in CERIDAP, 3, 2023
Conferences
2012 — 2016
Enoron
I founded Enoron and worked with the team on the product’s design and technical development: a SaaS platform for lawyers and law firms covering matters, deadlines, clients, invoicing, timesheets and collaboration between firms.
I led a team of developers and designers, taking the product from concept to app-store distribution. The application worked offline and was available in 24 languages across seven platforms from a single codebase, reaching over 2,000 registered users in more than 70 countries.
Enoron featured in Capterra’s Top 20 for law practice management. The project obtained SEIS advance assurance in the United Kingdom and took part in the Emilia-Romagna Region’s Silicon Valley Mindset Program in San Francisco and at Web Summit.
Building the company and its software also informed my research on interoperability, digital services and data management, contributing to numerous publications. These include:
Publications
- G. Carullo, Services in the Field of Law within the Internal Market: Promoting e-Justice through Interoperability, in Laws, vol. 5, 1, 2015
- G. Carullo, Gestione, fruizione e diffusione dei dati dell’amministrazione digitale e funzione amministrativa [Management, use and dissemination of public sector data and administrative function], Giappichelli, Torino, 2017
2018 — 2021
BOHR
BOHR (Blockchain-secured Outcomes in Health and medical Research) was a clinical-data research experiment, co-created with physician Prof. Davide Golinelli. I led its technical work: a private blockchain-based archive for sharing research data and certifying versions and integrity.
This collaboration led to interdisciplinary publications, health-data research proposals and new teaching in the medical field. These include:
Publications
- D. Golinelli; F. Toscano; A. Bucci; G. Carullo, Transferring Health Big Data within the European Legal Framework: What Role for National Healthcare Services?, in Journal of Law and Medicine, vol. 26, 2, 2018
- F. Toscano et al., Electronic health records implementation: can the European Union learn from the United States? [Abstract at the 11th European Public Health Conference: Parallel Programme], in European Journal of Public Health, vol. 28, suppl. 4, 2018
- D. Golinelli et al., Adoption of Digital Technologies in Health Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Early Scientific Literature, in Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 22, 11, 2020
2017 — 2019
AutoPrivacy
An experimental project making GDPR obligations more accessible: a conditional questionnaire generates a report on the user’s situation. Designed and developed by me with Angular, PHP and PWA technologies, then released as open source.
This project contributed to the following research outcomes:
Publications
- G. Carullo, Dati personali e fini pubblici: dubbi di compatibilità europea del Codice Privacy [Personal data and public powers: European compatibility concerns regarding the Italian privacy code], in CERIDAP, 3, 2024
- G. Carullo, Trattamento di dati personali da parte delle pubbliche amministrazioni e natura del rapporto giuridico con l’interessato [Processing of personal data by public administrations and nature of the legal relationship with the data subject], in Rivista Italiana di Diritto Pubblico Comunitario, 1-2, 2020
2019
Bai.G Research Center
Founding member of Bai.G Research Center, a research initiative on blockchain, smart contracts and artificial intelligence established with colleagues at the University of Milan.
The centre carried out the first capital increase using crypto-assets in Europe, through the contribution of receivables backed by bitcoin and ether.
Bai.G also organised the international conference Good for all: towards a Paradigm Shift. Blockchain, Law and Governance, held at the University of Milan on 25–26 October 2019. I co-organised the conference and chaired the panel on blockchain and transparency. Among the related publications, the following are noteworthy:
2018
MindsettER
Founding member of MindsettER, an association set up in 2018 by alumni of the Emilia-Romagna Region’s Silicon Valley Mindset Program. It now brings together dozens of startups and regional companies, promoting entrepreneurship through founder-to-founder mentoring, events with universities and investors, and startup–corporate partnerships, with the support of the Region and ASTER.